~/consensus-or-coercionDid lopsided conciliar majorities record settled belief or fear of exile? Nicaea was near-unanimous and its holdouts were banished — but the fifty years following were dominated by Arian ascendancy and Athanasius was exiled five times. A vote that one-sided which then failed to hold for two generations is evidence against reading conciliar unanimity as coercive closure. What eventually settled Nicaea was not the count. It was the reception.
~/real-contestThe disputed books were not the ones popular imagination names. Eusebius's antilegomena — Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, Jude, Revelation — were all eventually in. Shepherd of Hermas, 1 Clement, Barnabas and the Didache were read as edifying and eventually out. Thomas was never in contention. The margin was epistles, not gospels.
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